Irkutsk
A city in Siberia, Russia, that served as a key industrial and transportation hub during World War II. It produced aircraft, tanks, and other military equipment for the Soviet war effort, playing a crucial role in the Eastern Front.
Irwin, Bernard
An American officer who served as the commanding general of the US Army’s 1st Infantry Division during World War II. He led the division in several major battles, including the invasion of Normandy and the liberation of Paris, earning him numerous awards and recognition.
Iron Curtain
A metaphorical barrier separating communist Eastern Europe from the West after World War II. It symbolized the ideological and political division between the two blocs, limiting travel and communication between them.
Irregular Troops
Military units not part of the regular armed forces, often composed of civilians, volunteers, or partisan groups. During World War II, irregular troops played a significant role in resistance movements, guerrilla warfare, and intelligence gathering, particularly in occupied territories.
Ironclad
A type of warship heavily armored with iron plates, primarily used in the 19th century. While not as prevalent during World War II, some nations like the United Kingdom still utilized pre-dreadnought ironclads for coastal defense, training, or as stationary batteries.
Iron Cross
A German military decoration awarded for bravery in combat, particularly during World War I and World War II. The Iron Cross was highly prestigious and came in various classes, with the Knight’s Cross being the highest honor. It served as a symbol of German military valor and was awarded to soldiers of all ranks.
Iqbal, Muhammad (Literary Awards and Recognition)
A list of literary awards and recognition received by Muhammad Iqbal during his lifetime and posthumously, highlighting his achievements and the appreciation for his work.
Iqbal, Muhammad (Influence on Modern Islamic Thought)
An examination of Muhammad Iqbal’s impact on modern Islamic thought, his contributions to the reinterpretation of Islamic teachings in light of modern challenges, and his influence on contemporary Islamic scholars.
Iqbal, Muhammad (Philosophical Legacy)
An assessment of Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophical legacy, his impact on Islamic thought, his contributions to the discourse on selfhood and human destiny, and his enduring influence on philosophical inquiry.
Iqbal, Muhammad (Contributions to Urdu Literature)
A detailed analysis of Muhammad Iqbal’s contributions to Urdu literature, his mastery of the language, his innovative poetic style, and his lasting impact on Urdu poetry.